Encyclopedia article- genre of scientific style. The purpose of an encyclopedic article is to provide reliable information about an object, phenomenon or person to the reader who, turning to the article, wants to become familiar with this concept. The author of an encyclopedic article must be an expert in this field of knowledge.
An encyclopedic article is built according to the strict rules of the genre. We will now look at the features of this genre.
The main thing in an encyclopedic article is to provide objective information about a given subject/phenomenon/person
The author of an encyclopedic article cannot resort to his own assessments, express his opinion, or share personal experiences and emotions. His task is to select the most reliable and important material on the problem, to give an objective and fairly complete description of the phenomenon being analyzed.
The encyclopedic article uses literary language in a strict form
The language of the encyclopedic article does not tolerate the inclusion of colloquial, colloquial, slang, dialect words and clerical words.
Spoken words are used in informal conversation, in the article they should be replaced by neutral equivalents. For example, the colloquial phrase “ jackfruit bad, they just smell disgusting, it looks like rotten onion" in the language of an encyclopedic article it will sound like this: "jackfruit fruit emit a strong unpleasant odor, reminiscent of the smell of rotten onions".
Colloquial vocabulary- these are words that go beyond the scope of literary language; their use in a scientific style is strictly prohibited.
Dialect words limited in their use to a certain territory. Dialectical words should not penetrate the text of an encyclopedic article (unless, of course, it is directly devoted to the concept of dialecticism or a related concept). Examples of dialectisms: blueberry instead of blueberry, thin instead of bad, poor quality, kochet instead of rooster etc.
Jargonisms– words whose use is limited to a socially closed group. For example, a striking example is the “language of computer scientists” - people whose field of activity lies in the computer field: buggy - stopped working, program - computer program, keyboard - keyboard, cracked program - a program that requires renewal of the license key. Jargon cannot be used in the text of an encyclopedic article.
Stationery characteristic of the official business style of the language, their use is also limited to one functional area. Avoid them scientifically. For example, the phrase “... with making a copy, what kind at this forwarded …” includes three obvious bureaucracies (in bold). It can be transformed into a phrase of literary language: “... with making a copy, which is then sent...».
If you are in doubt whether a word is common literature or not, check the explanatory dictionary: a colloquial word will have the mark decomposition., vernacular go with the mark simple., dialectal – dial., slang – slang., clericalism – office., and neutral – nate. or will not have litters at all.
The style of an encyclopedic article has other linguistic features characteristic of the language of the scientific style:
Use of linguistic features characteristic of the scientific style of presentation
These primarily include the following:
- Predominance passive constructions, impersonal and indefinitely personal sentences.
For example, " Of the annual species, the most commonly cultivated is the common or kitchen pumpkin." (Compare with the active construction: " People most often cultivate the common or kitchen pumpkin.»).
- Predominance verbs in the present tense.
Eg: " use», « grows», « applies», « are used" etc.
- Nouns in the text prevail over verbs. Otherwise, this feature of the scientific style is called the nominal narrative style. Pay attention to the proportion of verbs and nouns in the following phrases typical of scientific language:
“Yoghurt is a fermented milk product with a high content of nonfat milk solids, produced using a mixture of starter microorganisms – thermophilic lactic acid streptococci and Bulgarian lactic acid bacillus.”
“Gooseberries are native to Western Europe and northern Africa. As a wild plant, it is widespread in the Caucasus, Ukraine, Transcaucasia and Central Asia, Central and Southern Europe, North Africa and North America.”
- Usage terminological vocabulary. An encyclopedic article always contains basic terms from the field of knowledge related to the subject being described. For example, in an article devoted to describing a cat, the terms are used mammal, cat family, order of carnivores, domestication, stereoscopic vision, incisor, canine, premolar, molar, castration, sterilization, etc. At the same time, in the genre of encyclopedic articles only the most common terms known to a wide range of educated people are found. Their number is much lower than in scientific texts addressed to specialists.
The encyclopedic article lacks emotional and evaluative coloring of vocabulary and syntax
We will not dwell on this point in detail, since we have already covered it when studying texts of official business style, which also do not use emotional and evaluative coloring.
The style of an encyclopedic article is characterized by brevity and simplicity of presentation.
Information in an encyclopedic article is presented in a concise form: as much content as possible in the most concise format. This feature leads to an abundance of abbreviations in the text, incompleteness of syntactic constructions (if two phrases in a row have one subject, then the second time it is omitted, the auxiliary verb in the predicate may be omitted). The use of terms also contributes to the reduction of linguistic means.
Sentences should be constructed simply; sentences based on similar models are used. Such proposals are perceived faster; the main goal of an encyclopedic article - obtaining information - is achieved faster when this condition is met.
The text of the encyclopedic article begins with a definition of the concept
Definition is a logical term that denotes an explanation of the content of a concept, giving a fixed meaning to the term that names the concept.
The definition must contain the name of the generic concept to which the object/phenomenon/person described in the article refers. So, for a pumpkin, tomato, cucumber, the generic concept is a vegetable, for a car, bus, airplane - a vehicle, for a cat, cow, sheep - an animal, a mammal, etc. Then the definition names the distinctive and most significant characteristics of the concept being described.
Eg, " Bus (short for omnibus car) is a trackless motor vehicle designed to carry 8 or more passengers and powered by energy stored or produced from fuel stored on board, or by any other form of autonomous propulsion.».
« Cow is a female domestic bull (lat. Bos taurus taurus), a domesticated subspecies of wild bull (Bos taurus), an artiodactyl ruminant animal of the bovid family (Bovidae).».
Further composition encyclopedia article is as follows
1-2 paragraphs that provide a brief general description of the concept.
The rest of the story can go
- From general to specific;
- from simple to complex;
- in order of importance, fame, credibility, size, location;
- in chronological order - for historical reference;
- in thematic order - this is convenient in hierarchical lists;
- in alphabetical order when other orders are not suitable.
At the end of the encyclopedic article there are always sources, on which the author relied when writing the text of the article.
Alexander Khristoforovich Benkendorf is known primarily as the head of the III (security) department of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery. Behind the glory of the chief gendarme and strangler of freedom during the gloomy reactionary reign of Nicholas I, his glory as a hero of the Patriotic War of 1812 and an active participant in a foreign campaign was forgotten.
Alexander Khristoforovich came from an ancient noble Riga family, which received the Swedish nobility in 1660. The future chief gendarme was born in 1782. Thanks to family connections, the start of his career was ensured. Alexander graduated from the Abbot Nicolas boarding school (one of the most aristocratic and prestigious educational institutions in St. Petersburg) and at the age of 17 he was already an aide-de-camp of Emperor Paul I with the rank of ensign of the Semyonovsky Life Guards Regiment.
Young Benckendorff was one of those aristocrats who viewed family connections, wealth, etc., not so much as a privilege and a means of distinguishing themselves, but as an opportunity for better performance of their duty. He served alternating between military and civilian missions. So in 1802 he was part of the secret expedition of Georg Magnus Sprengtporten, which was supposed to “travel around Asian and European Russia for the purpose of military-strategic inspection” (and reached Yakutsk with a detailed survey of the area), and in 1808-1807 he was at the Russian embassy in Paris. Between these missions, in 1805-1806, he participated in the war against Napoleon I, and in 1809 he volunteered for the Russian-Turkish War, in which he received the Order of St. George, IV degree, for the battle of Ruschuk on June 20, 1811 (this order was usually awarded for personal bravery).
At the beginning of the Patriotic War, Benckendorf was an aide-de-camp under Emperor Alexander I. This position did not at all involve fussing with papers: the adjutant carried command orders to Bagration’s army, that is, he often moved alone, while the lands of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, where the war began , could not be called friendly.
Immediately after the Battle of Smolensk, the first flying (partisan) detachment of Ferdinand Wintzingerode was created, Alexander Khristoforovich Benkendorf commanded the vanguard in this detachment. After the enemy left Moscow, Benckendorff became its commandant and established life in the devastated city, and then returned to the active army.
In the company of 1813, he again fought in a flying detachment, only now not on Russian, but on German soil, then he led this detachment and participated in the capture of Vorben, Berlin, in the battles of Gros Veren and Dennewitz. In the “Battle of the Nations” near Leipzig he led the left wing of General Wintzingerode’s cavalry.
Then independent actions followed again. At the head of a separate detachment, Benckendorff cleared Holland and then Belgium of French troops. At the same time, his rank increased. In the battle of Craon on March 7, 1814, he already commanded the entire Russian cavalry. He finished his overseas campaign as lieutenant general and adjutant general (the latter honorary rank gave the right to personally report to the emperor).
Thus, before becoming the head of the security department, Alexander Khristoforovich Benkendorf proved himself to be a talented and active military man. He was a real hero of the Patriotic War and foreign campaigns, one of the many heroes of the Russian army.
Geographic encyclopedias scientific reference publications containing a systematic body of geographical knowledge. G. e. give a description of objects of regional geography (continents, countries, regions, settlements, mountains, oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, developed mineral deposits, etc.), the development and location of production in countries and regions, highlight theoretical and terminological issues of physical and economic geography. G. e. usually also contain biographical (or biobibliographic) information about travelers, navigators and figures in geographical science, information about geographical congresses and conferences, societies, and important publications. An organic component of many G. e. are various kinds of maps and diagrams, as well as illustrations. Often G. e. include articles on related sciences (geology, biology, ethnography, etc.). To G. e. Some general geographic dictionaries are coming (see below). The first most important attempt to provide a systematized body of geographical knowledge, based on physics and mathematics, was made by the Dutch scientist B. Varenius in his “General Geography” (“Geographia generalis in qua offectiones generalis”, Amst., 1650; the second and third editions were published in Cambridge under edited by Isaac Newton; in Russia its translation was published twice: “General Geography, Heavenly and Amphibious Circles ...”, M., 1718; “General Geography”, part 1, St. Petersburg, 1790). Although the form of presentation of materials, this work does not meet modern requirements for encyclopedic publications, it provides general information about the Earth, its size, movement (based on the Copernican heliocentric system), physical-geographical description of the globe, etc. In Russia, the first geographical lexicon was published in the 2nd half of the 18th century. (F. A. Polunin, Geographical Lexicon of the Russian State, M., 1773, G. F. Miller participated in its compilation) and contained alphabetical descriptions of rivers, mountains, seas, cities, fortresses, factories and “other memorable places” Russia. At the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries. A number of large lexicons and dictionaries were also published: “Complete Geographical Lexicon” by K. G. Langer (parts 1-3, Moscow, 1791-92), “Geographical Dictionary” by J. Ladvok (parts 1-5, St. Petersburg, 1791), “New and complete geographical dictionary of the Russian state” by L. M. Maksimovich (parts 1-6, M., 1788-89), “Geographical dictionary of the Russian state” by A. M. Shchekatov (parts 1-7, M., 1801-09, part 1, compiled jointly with L. M. Maksimovich). An important role in the development of Russian geographical science was played by V. N. Tatishchev’s “Lexicon of Russian, historical, geographical, political and civil” (parts 1-3, St. Petersburg, 1793, not finished, brought to the letter “K”), which included descriptions of provinces, governorates, settlements, rivers, lakes, seas, as well as terminological articles (for example, “Longitude”, “Gulf”, etc.). Among the dictionaries of the 19th century. the “Geographical and Statistical Dictionary of the Russian Empire” by P. P. Semenov (vol. 1-5, St. Petersburg, 1863-85) stands out, which still retains great scientific and reference value. Scientists participated in its compilation: P. I. Keppen, R. K. Maak, L. N. Maikov and others. The dictionary provides detailed information about mountain systems, oceans and seas, rivers, provinces, regions, cities and other populated areas , about plants and factories, peoples and tribes of Russia. The vast majority of articles are accompanied by extensive bibliographic lists, the material for which was prepared by P. I. Keppen. Dictionaries of this kind were also compiled for individual regions of Russia (for example, “Geographical and Statistical Dictionary of the Perm Province” by N.K. Chupin, Perm, 1873-88); Dictionaries of this kind were published in the Amur and Primorsky regions and other areas. In the 60s. 20th century In the USSR, the “Brief Geographical Encyclopedia” was published (vol. 1-5, M., 1960-66), containing 16 thousand articles. The encyclopedia is comprehensive; it contains articles on the regional geography of the USSR and foreign countries, on theoretical and terminological issues of physical and economic geography and related sciences related to geography. A significant part of the 5th volume is occupied by the “Index of Names” - a brief biographical dictionary of travelers and figures in geographical and related sciences; the same volume contains various kinds of reference information (summary digital data on oceans and seas, straits, archipelagos and islands, mountain peaks, volcanoes, earthquakes, rivers, lakes, major cities, areas under cultivation and harvesting of major agricultural crops, mining operations around the world, etc.). Many articles have bibliography attached. The articles are accompanied by color maps (about 130) in the form of inserts; in addition, the text contains about 500 maps and 1300 illustrations. The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Geographical Terms (Moscow, 1968), which is of a general geographical nature, is intended for teachers, students and researchers. The dictionary includes 4,200 physical and economic geographical terms, special attention is paid to theoretical issues and the latest geographical terms related to the achievements of Soviet science; there are also terms from related sciences (geology, soil science, etc.). From modern foreign G. e. the most significant is Westermann's "Geographical Lexicon" ("Westermanns Lexikon der Geographie", Bd 1-4-, Braunschweig, 1968-70 -, the first such dictionary was published in 1922-23- "Ewald Banse"s Lexikon der Geographie", Bd 1 -2, Braunschweig - Hamb.) Articles in this encyclopedia are devoted to objects of regional geography, individual geographical sciences and terms, travelers, navigators and geographers of the world are accompanied by detailed bibliographic lists. A group of publications of the same type are dictionaries of geographical names published in the USA and Great Britain: Lippincott's "Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World", N.Y., 1966), Webster's Geographical Dictionary ", Springfield, 1966), Chambers's World Gazetteer and Geographical Dictionary, Edinburgh, 1965). Geographical names of the world are most widely represented in Lippincott's dictionary. From time to time they are republished, reporting on the most important changes on the world map, and especially in the USA and Great Britain. Articles and references are extremely laconic (for example, the entry “Africa” in Lippincott’s dictionary is presented in 4 columns), and their number is large (about 130 thousand in Lippincott’s dictionary, 40 thousand in Webster’s dictionary; only in Chambers’ dictionary 12 thousand). A single alphabet provides information about various physical and geographical objects of the world: cities, countries, their natural resources, population, etc. Articles devoted to the USSR are usually incomplete and sometimes biased. French “New Dictionary of General Geography” (“Vivien de Saint Martin L. et Rousselet L., Nouveau dictionaire de geographic universelle”, v. 1-7, P., 1879-95, Supplement, v. 1-2, P. , 1895-1900) provides information on physical, economic, political, historical geography and ethnography. The “Geographical Encyclopedia of the 20th Century” (“Encyclopedie geographique du XX siècle”, P., 1950) was also published in France. It contains extremely condensed physical and economic-geographical information about the continents, their large parts and countries of the world. The text of these articles is essentially an explanation of its main part - illustrations (over 600) and maps (276). The encyclopedic "Dictionary of Geography" by Longmann ("Longmann's Dictionary of Geography", ed. by L. Dubley Stamp, L., 1966), intended mainly for students and general readers, is popular. The dictionary contains information about the most important geographical objects of the world, an explanation of basic geographical terms (mainly from physical geography), short biographies of travelers and geographers, information about geographical societies and the most important publications on geography. A summary of definitions of terms of physical and economic geography, extracted from various encyclopedias, reference books and dictionaries (as general ones). , and sectoral), theoretical works on geography with references to these sources, is the “Glossary of Geographical Terms”, prepared by L. Dudley Stamp, N. Y., 1961. Encyclopedias devoted to individual geographical sciences contain extensive information, for example, The Encyclopedia of Oceanography, ed. by P. W. Fairbridge, N.Y., 1966 and The Encyclopedia of Geomorphology, ed. by R. W. Fairbridge, N. Y. - Amst. - L., 1968), who publish articles on the most important issues of oceanology, geomorphology and related sciences. A special group consists of encyclopedias dedicated to continents and countries (country-specific encyclopedias). In the USSR, an example of such an encyclopedia is the encyclopedic reference book “Africa” (vol. 1-2, Moscow, 1963), which first gives a general overview of the continent (natural conditions and resources, ethnic composition and distribution of the population, history, economy and culture), and then over 2,400 articles, arranged in alphabetical order and introducing all the countries of Africa, its individual physical and economic-geographical objects, peoples, historical and cultural monuments, government and political figures, and its researchers. Foreign encyclopedias of this type include The Australian Encyclopedia in ten volumes, v. 1-10, Sydney, 1963) and Encyclopedia Canadiana, v. 1-10, Ottawa, 1968). Articles in these encyclopedias introduce the nature, population, national economy, health care, culture, etc. of Australia and Canada, and biographies of figures from these countries. Lit.: Kaufman I.M., Geographical dictionaries. Bibliography, M., 1964; Zischka G. A., Index Lexicorum. Bibliographie der lexicalischen Nachschlagewerke, W., ; Guide to reference books, by C. M. Winchell, Chi., 1967, p. 441-61. V. A. Nikolaev.
Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .
See what “Geographical encyclopedias” are in other dictionaries:
1 . in Russia and the USSR. The predecessors of E. and s. in Rus' there were handwritten collections of general content, as well as lists (registers) of foreign words attached to manuscripts of church books. Already the earliest monuments of other Russian. writing Izborniki... ... Soviet historical encyclopedia
Planisphere of Cantino (1502), the oldest surviving Portuguese navigational chart, showing the results of the expeditions of Vasco da Gama, Christopher Columbus and other explorers. It also depicts the meridian, section ... Wikipedia
And dictionaries, scientific reference publications containing a systematic collection of information on history and related areas of knowledge. There are encyclopedias on world history in general, on individual historical periods, on the history of individual... ...
Natural belts, the highest taxonomic units of physical-geographical zoning; the largest divisions of the geographical envelope. They are composed of several geographical zones, more or less similar in heat balance. In the famous... ... Ecological dictionary
Consecutive changes in natural phenomena in the geographic environment and landscapes, accompanied by the transfer or exchange of matter, energy and information and leading to changes in certain characteristics of the state of the landscape. To physics... ... Ecological dictionary
Geographic pole is the point at which the Earth's axis of rotation intersects the Earth's surface. There are two geographic poles: the North Pole is in the Arctic (the central part of the Arctic Ocean) and the South Pole is in ... ... Wikipedia
- (from the Greek enkýklios paidéia training in the entire range of knowledge) a scientific or scientifically popular reference publication containing the most essential information on all (universal E.) or individual (industry E.) areas of knowledge or ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
They contain information about the life and activities of various persons, located, as a rule, in the alphabet of names (but may have a systematic, chronological, etc. arrangement). S. b. extremely varied. According to their content they are divided into... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Cartography (from ancient Greek χάρτης “charter, sheet of papyrus” and γράφω “I write”), or the science of research, modeling and display of the spatial arrangement, combination and interrelation of objects and phenomena of nature and society, is ... ... Wikipedia
History of science ... Wikipedia
Books
- Geographical discoveries, Encyclopedias of the “I Want to Know Everything” series will answer many questions that concern inquisitive schoolchildren. Thanks to this wonderful book, they will find out what Christopher Columbus is famous for in... Category:
He can be called the father of Russian science and culture. In every industry in which Mikhail Vasilyevich worked, he managed to leave his bright mark and bring many great discoveries into the world.
Speaking of Mikhail Vasilievich
Distinguished from his peers by his innate thirst for knowledge, at an early age he learned to read and write.
At the age of 19, the young man goes to Moscow and, posing as a visiting nobleman, is enrolled as a student at the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy, where he subsequently receives good theoretical training and masters Latin perfectly. Then, in 1736, he was transferred to the Academic University of St. Petersburg, from where, over time, he would be sent to Germany to study mining and metallurgy. M.V. Lomonosov continued his education in Freiburg, where he began to improve his knowledge in practice.
Throughout his scientific career, he boldly defended the interests of the people and demanded that education become accessible not only to the upper class, but also to the peasantry. It was on the initiative of Mikhail Vasilyevich that a university was created in Moscow, which to this day proudly bears the name of the founder.
About linguistic activity in general
Mikhail Vasilievich made a significant contribution to the development of linguistics. Despite his immersion in specialized knowledge, he also found time for philological work. Upon returning to Russia, in 1757 he published the first Russian grammar, where he revealed orthoepic and language based on his observations of living speech. It is important to note that the first who approached the description of the grammatical features of Russian was Lomonosov. As a linguist, he dealt with this from a scientific point of view; it was he who was also the first to consider the concepts of morphology, syntax and word formation. Based on his “Russian Grammar”, Russian language textbooks were published for the first time.
Lomonosov also made a huge contribution to the development of rhetoric. His guide to eloquence was the first Russian-language book of its kind. He also established a classification of parts of speech, considered issues of spelling and punctuation, and translated many scientific terms into Russian.
Philological merits of Lomonosov
A significant contribution to the development of the Russian language and literature was made. As a linguist, he was concerned with the systematization of its grammatical, spelling and stylistic features. Thanks to Mikhail Vasilyevich, an important reform was carried out in relation to the Russian literary language, and a system of versification was approved, which has survived to this day.
Being a linguist, he talked about the Russian language as a great asset. Mikhail Vasilyevich was the first who began to give academic lectures in his native language.
He sought to enrich the literary language, make it accessible, understandable and at the same time unique. We will consider Lomonosov as a linguist. We will now talk briefly about the philological merits of this great man.
“Russian Grammar” by M. V. Lomonosov
Lomonosov's main merit is the creation of a solid foundation for the formation of a new Russian language. The famous work of Mikhail Vasilyevich called “Russian Grammar”, which was published in 1755, is also associated with its development. Its compilation is truly the greatest of the merits that Lomonosov brought. As a linguist, for the first time in “Russian Grammar” he tried to distinguish between concepts such as Russian and
To isolate each language, to recognize it as completely independent in relation to the other - Lomonosov adhered to this principle in his work. As a linguist, he relied on certain scientific techniques that helped him accurately distinguish between the Russian language and Church Slavonic. This served as a worthy beginning for the further development of domestic literature. As a linguist, Lomonosov based his research on the features of language: he took a long list of words or phrases, compared and contrasted them with each other. And then, based on the results obtained, he made the appropriate conclusions.
Science continues to this day based on Lomonosov’s research techniques, which have not undergone any significant changes.
The theory of “three calms” by M. V. Lomonosov
Based on his research techniques, the great Russian reformer released the theory of “three calms,” which found direct application in the creation of a new literary language. Mikhail Vasilyevich established the general principle of interaction between different styles and genres in linguistics. Each “calm” was characterized by its immediate area of application. Lomonosov used his theory to describe stylistic processes in language. As a linguist, he followed the path of constant combination and likening of what is beautiful and valuable in both languages.
"High Calm"
Thus, words that were used in the creation of all kinds of odes, songs, poems, speeches or solemn speeches were attributed to “high calm”. This style can rightfully be considered majestic. However, words of such calm were extremely rarely used by people in everyday speech, but a literate person could understand them.
"Medium Calm"
“Middle Calm” was intended for writing satirical plays, ironic friendly letters or historical works. It is characterized by the predominance of Russian-language words with the rare addition of Slavic ones.
"Low Calm"
“Low Calm” is filled with Russian words that are not in the Slavic language. With its help, comedies, songs, and descriptions of “everyday affairs” are created. In this style, preference was given to Russian, common words.
All the pathos of the above-mentioned theory of Lomonosov was characterized by the need to recognize the rights of the Russian language and literature.
Lomonosov's contribution to literature
Speaking about him as an outstanding philologist, one cannot fail to mention his literary merits. After all, Mikhail Vasilyevich studied all kinds of theories with their further application in practice along with other sciences.
While in Germany, he writes an essay on unresolved issues regarding Russian versification. In this letter, he introduces his amendments to Trediakovsky’s reform, expanding it with new poetic meters, such as anapest, dactyl and amphibrachium. Unlike other poets of that time, he does not neglect the use of various rhymes in his works. The second part of his letter was an ode to the capture of Khotin, which the great reformer dedicated to the heroism of the Russian army. It differed significantly from the works of his predecessors.
Lomonosov's contribution to the formation of the scientific terminological base of the Russian language
Lomonosov made a valuable contribution to Russian science. He spoke of language as a great value of the people, its eternal heritage. Mikhail Vasilyevich was confident that the Russian language is very rich and multifaceted, that in it you can always find the necessary words to denote certain terms or concepts.
The reformer fought for the purity and perfection of the Russian language, trying to rid it of “foreign language.” Therefore, he either literally translated the concept into Russian, or simply selected equivalents suitable for it. Thanks to the scientist, words such as energy, magnitude, particles, experience, quickly became entrenched in Russian terminology. Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov was distinguished by exceptional courage, tenacity and endless ingenuity when creating a scientific terminological base. As a linguist, he made a huge contribution by establishing Russian-language terminological concepts.
First of all, Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov, as a Russian linguist, was outraged by the abuse of foreign words in literature or in everyday life. He was deeply annoyed by the nobles, who, having barely learned to understand a few words in French, immediately began to insert them wherever they wanted. Lomonosov pointed out that the aimless adoption of words of foreign origin poses a danger to the competent education of national culture. In view of this, he urgently called for honoring the beauty and versatility of the native language and resisting those who introduce “those obscenities” into it.
And finally
As a linguist and a famous reformer, they are still used in scientific activities to this day. This great man was the first to appreciate the depth, richness, power and uniqueness of the Russian language. In his writings, Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov spoke of literature as the art of words.
He took many steps in the formation of a new literary language and outlined the prospects for its further development.
Mikhail Vasilyevich served for the benefit of the people. It was on his idea that a university was founded in Moscow, which today is world famous. He also managed to create a terminological base, the enrichment of which, following Lomonosov, was carried out by famous domestic scientists in subsequent decades. This is exactly what Lomonosov, the Russian linguist, was. And to this day we remember this great man and use his works.